Table 3 Applications of Synbiotics in aquaculture
Synbiotics | Effects | Aquaculture species | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Bifidobacterium sp, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecium + Mannan oligosaccharides and chitosan | Boosts immunity and resistance against A. hydrophila infection | Oreochromis niloticus | [38] |
Aspergillus oryzae + β-glucan | Improves immunity | Oreochromis niloticus | |
Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae + β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharide | Improved growth, feed utilization, intestine health and non-specific immunity | Litopenaeus vannamei | [299] |
Bacillus subtilis + mannooligosaccharides and Enterococcus faecium + fructooligosaccharides | Enhances disease resistance | Anguilla japonica | [200] |
Lactobacillus plantarum L20 + Sargassum polycystum | Improves growth, disease resistance and gastrointestinal structure protection by modulating gut microbiota | Penaeus monodon | [47] |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Yu-Ping-Feng polysaccharide | Improves the activity of lipase and the content of lactic acid during in vitro fermentation, maintaining balanced gut environment and gut microbiota | Macrobrachium rosenbergii | [156] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Mannan Oligosaccharides, and β-Glucan | Enhances immunity including antioxidant activity and disease resistance against P. aeruginosa infection | Oreochromis niloticus | [76] |
Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum + xylooligosacharides | Increases immunity growth and overall performance | Oreochromis niloticus | [284] |
Bacillus subtilis + inulin | Greater weight gain and growth, resistance against A. hydrophila infection | Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum | [199] |
Acinetobacter KU011TH + chitosan | Improves growth and immunity. stronger disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection | Hybrid Catfish (Clarias gariepinus × C. macrocephalus) | [236] |
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) + Pediococcus acidilactici | Increases innate immune response and skin mucus parameters | Oncorhynchus mykiss | [115] |
L. bulgaricus FNCC–004 + alginate-probiotic mixture | Enhances growth and help to maintain good environmental conditions | Litopenaeus vannamei | [224] |
Lactobacillus plantarum L20 + Sargassum polycystum | Positive effect on growth, immune response, and disease resistance | Penaeus monodon | [48] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus + Moringa oleifera leaf extract | Enhanced growth and immunity | Penaeus vannamei | [58] |
Bacillus sp. SJ-10 + prebiotic β-glucooligosaccharides | Boosts protection against S. iniae infection, improved immunity, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio | Paralichthys olivaceus | [112] |
Bacillus subtilis WB60 + mannan oligosaccharide | Increase in growth performance, non-specific immune responses, disease resistance and modulates intestinal morphology | Anguilla japonica | |
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus + Asparagus officinalis L | Improved digestive enzyme activity, higher efficiency on metabolic processes and microbial function in the gut | Oncorhynchus mykiss | [302] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus + button mushroom extract | Positive influence on the growth and reproductive performances | Danio rerio | [305] |
Lactobacillus plantarum + xanthan gum | Increases disease resistance and survival rates | Litopenaeus vannamei | [286] |